Construction Manager as Advisor vs. Constructor: Understanding the Differences

When planning a construction project, one of the earliest and most important decisions an owner must make is selecting the right project delivery method. Common approaches include Design-Bid-Build, Design-Build, Progressive Design-Build, and Construction Manager (CM) delivery.

Within the CM approach, there are two primary options:

• Construction Manager as Advisor (CMa)
• Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc)

Each method defines a different role for the construction manager and impacts how contracts are structured, how risk is allocated, and how the project is delivered. Understanding these differences can help owners choose the approach that best aligns with their project goals.

What is Construction Manager as Advisor (CMa)?

The Construction Manager as Advisor (CMa) is an independent professional engaged by the owner to guide the project. In this role, the construction manager does not perform construction work but instead acts as a consultant and coordinator.

The owner holds separate contracts with designers and contractors, while the CMa helps oversee and manage those relationships.

Key Characteristics of CMa

• The CMa serves as an advisor to the owner, not a builder.
• The owner maintains multiple direct contracts with contractors.
• The CMa provides preconstruction and construction-phase support.
• The CMa does not assume construction risk.

Typical Responsibilities for a CMa

• Assisting with cost estimating and scheduling during design.
• Providing constructability reviews.
• Supporting procurement and bid evaluation.
• Coordinating activities among multiple contractors.
• Monitoring progress to help keep the project aligned with scope, budget, and schedule.

During construction, the CMa facilitates communication and coordination but does not hold trade contracts or perform the work. Owners using this delivery method often rely on AIA Contract Documents such as A132, A232, B132, and C132 to define roles and responsibilities.

What is Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc)?

The Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc) has a dual role. Early in the project, the CMc provides advisory services similar to a CMa. As the project progresses, the CMc transitions into the role of constructor, taking responsibility for delivering the project. In this model, the construction manager typically holds the subcontracts and manages construction directly.

Key Characteristics of CMc

• The CMc acts as both advisor and builder
• The CMc holds contracts with subcontractors
• The CMc assumes responsibility for construction performance
• Projects often include a Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP)

Typical Responsibilities

• Providing preconstruction services, including estimating and scheduling
• Developing and proposing a Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP)
• Procuring and managing subcontractors
• Overseeing construction execution
• Managing cost, schedule, and quality during construction

One commonly cited advantage of CMc is the ability to overlap design and construction activities, which can support a more efficient project timeline. Owners using this method may reference AIA Contract Documents such as A201, B133, A133, or A134.

CMa vs. CMc: Key Differences

While both delivery methods involve early collaboration with a construction manager, they differ in structure and responsibility.

Choosing Between CMa and CMc

The decision between Construction Manager as Advisor and Construction Manager as Constructor depends on several factors, including the owner’s desired level of involvement, risk tolerance, and project complexity.

• CMa may be appropriate when an owner wants:
  • Greater visibility and control over contractors.
  • Flexibility in procurement.
  • An advisory partner without transferring construction risk.
• CMc may be appropriate when an owner prefers:
  • A single entity responsible for construction.
  • Greater cost certainty through a GMP.
  • A more streamlined contracting approach.

Key Takeaways

By understanding how these two delivery methods differ, owners and project teams can make more informed decisions about how to structure their projects.

Both CMa and CMc delivery methods offer opportunities for early collaboration and improved project planning. The key distinction lies in whether the construction manager serves strictly as an advisor or also takes on the role of constructor.

Carefully evaluating these options can help align the delivery method with the project’s goals, timeline, and risk profile.